B'Cognizance » Tech-Hive

GLASSES TO SHOW REALITY

admin — Fri, 29 Nov 2013 11:48:24 +0000

There are always students in every class who are not able to get everything by professor. Thus they have some doubts and yet they are hesitated to ask their doubts during lecture. The scientists of SPAIN’S LA UNIVERSIDAD CARLOS III DE MADRID are trying to overcome this situation so that the students can understand their doubts easily. The scientists are developing a set of glasses named as AR Glasses (Augmented Reality) which will tell the professors who has understood the lecture and who has any doubt while student does not have to say about it verbally.

The students have to use their smartphones and with the help of an application they can send some symbols to the professor. These symbols show the response of the students on the lecture. If the lecture was not fully understandable to a student and he has some doubt then he can send question mark (“?”) to professor and if the lecture was fully understandable then the student can send any other symbol like “-“.
The professor can see the results with the help of a set of glasses. He will be able to see question mark (“?”) on the head of that particular student who has sent question mark (“?”) as a response to the professor. Thus the professor would see every response at the head of students.
These glasses have a bright future not only the field of the education but also in can be used for military as well as structural engineering purposes. Recently Google has also announced the launch of Google Glasses which are based on the same technology.

Mrigendra Pratap Singh Shishodia
MSCLIS
IIIT ALLAHABAD

LI FI- A NEW TECHNOLOGY FOR INTERNET CONNECTION

admin — Fri, 29 Nov 2013 11:46:19 +0000

Li fi, a new revolutionary technology in wireless communication. Nowadays scientists research on the fast data transfer technologies, they develop a new way for data transfer through which we can transfer data upto 250 times more than any existing technology.
Telling something!!
Li fi uses the light as the medium while Wi Fi uses the radio frequencies. Li Fi is more secure than Wi Fi because the light waves used cannot penetrate the walls. It can be used in electromagnetic sensitive areas without causing interference like in aircraft or nuclear plants.

During the TED talk in 2011, Edinburgh University’s Prof Harald Haas coined the term Li-Fi which is also known as VLC(visible light communication). A joint research between the universities of Oxford, Cambridge, Edinburgh, St Andrews and Strathclyde, carried out the research in this field under the Ultra Parallel Visible Light Communications project ,funded by Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council. Using the single microchip existing LED light bulbs could be converted into Li Fi signals. In situations where radio frequencies cannot use due to the fear of interference this technology would be best. Using Orthogonal Frequency Divisional Multiplexing (OFDM)- a digital modulation technique , researchers enabled micro-LED light bulbs to handle millions of changes in light intensity per second, effectively behaving like an extremely fast on/off switch. This helps in sending large amount of binary data – a series of ones and zeros – to be transmitted at very high speed. The researchers used the three primary colors – red, green, blue to transmit data.

What achieved!!
Chinese achieved the speed of 3.5 Gbps through LED bulbs. While UK scientist’s one step ahead reports that they got 10 Gbps speed that is 250 times faster than the any ‘super-fast’ broadband. Fraunhofer Heinrich Hertz Institute in Germany achieved 3 GB per second speed this year.

Limitations!!
It is dependent on light, so cannot work in darkness as light not penetrates walls. Lifi receiver must be within 3 meter diameter of router and placed in the LED bulbs so that sensor read it easily.
Li-Fi system is not portable.
How differ from Wi- Fi!!
Both transfer data over electromagnetic spectrum but Li- Fi uses visible light and Wi-Fi utilizes the radio waves for wireless internet access. Speed of data transfer is high in Li-Fi .As Wi-Fi uses the radio spectrum which is limited so only limited number of router and tower can deploy. Li Fi while can be deployed in every day LED bulbs which covers the entire building through light based connection. The data connection speed can reach in Gbps.

Ravinder verma
MSCLIS
IIIT ALLAHABAD

PORTABLE AUDIO POWERHOUSE

admin — Fri, 29 Nov 2013 11:43:32 +0000

JBL charge has 12 hours of playback time and seamless Bluetooth connectivity
Harman India recently launched JBL Charge, a portable audio powerhouse, which is perfect for house parties, family trips, picnics and everyday use. It has over 12 hours of playback time from a single charge, a built-in USB port to charge mobile devices on the go and seamless Bluetooth connectivity.

The new Bluetooth-powered portable speaker packs a mean double punch as its two drivers and built-in bass port bring big performance, while its 12-hour battery can charge smart phones and tablets while on the go. The JBL Charge speaker wirelessly streams audio from any Bluetooth equipped smart phone or tablet, and lets you enjoy unsurpassed portable audio performance from your mobile devices and tablets.
With two 41mm drivers, a built-in bass port, 2×5 watts of amplification and digital signal processing, it delivers full range JBL sound with exceptional bass. JBL Charge is offered in three vibrant colours—grey, blue and green.

KANWALJEET SINGH
Electronics Engineer, Blogger
www.techo3.in

HERE COMES THE 5G TECHNOLOGY

admin — Fri, 29 Nov 2013 11:39:14 +0000

Now that 4G has just started gaining some popularity, fifth-generation has already out for further enhancement of wireless communication.
The 5G mobile technology works on packet switched systems and uses orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) for larger area coverage of up to 2km and high data rates of about 20Mbps. It uses millimetre wave bands (10 mm to 1mm) for high throughput and provides an effective solution wireless Internet usage.

Features of 5G Technology
Devices embedded with this tech will contain:-
• Wearable devices having artificial intelligence(AI)
• Internet Protocol Version 6 where the IP address is assigned according to location and the connected network.
• The ability to connect the user to different wireless access technologies, like 2.5G, 3G, 4G or 5G mobile networks, as well as Wi-Fi and WPAN (wireless personal area network) or even any other technology to be developed in the future. This is basically a concurrent data transfer path technique.
• Smart radio: In order to share the same spectrum efficiently during a wireless transmission scheme, the system will adaptively find (search) unused spectrum. This dynamic radio resource management will be achieved in a distributed fashion and rely on software defined transmission.
• High altitude stratospheric platform station (HAPS) system. This is based on beam division multiple access (BDMA) and group relay techniques.

5G Hardware
Ultra wideband networks (UWB): It is already known that Wi-Fi, Wi-Max and cellular wide area communications are long-range radio technologies. But systems like WPAN need short-range radio technology, which helps in achieving higher bandwidths (around 4000 Mbps) but at low energy levels (UWB network) for relaying data from host devices to devices in the immediate vicinity, i.e., distances of around 10 metres or so. This higher bandwidth (4000 Mbps) level is almost 400 times faster than today’s wireless networks. Each network will be responsible for handling user-mobility while the user terminal will make the final choice among different wireless/mobile access network providers for a given service. However, there should be different radio interfaces for each radio access technology (RAT) in the mobile terminal.
Smart Antennae: These include the following:
1. Switched beam antennae. This type of antenna supports radio positioning via angle of arrival (AOA). Information is collected from nearby devices.
2. Adaptive array antennae (Samsung has used 64 antennae elements). Such antennae promise to improve the capacity of wireless systems by providing improved safety through position-location capabilities. This technique rejects interference through spatial-altering-position location through direction-ending measurements and developing improved channel models through angle-of-arrival channel sounding measurement.
3. CDMA (code division multiple access) technique. This technique converts audio analogue input signals into digital signals (ADC) in combination with spread spectrum technology. The signal is transmitted using modulation according to some predefined code (pattern), and is demodulated using the same pattern since there can be billions of code patterns which can provide privacy and sufficient security.

5G Software
1. 5G will be a single unified IP standard of different wireless networks and a seamless combination of broadband, including wireless technologies, such as IEEE802.11, LAN, WAN, PAN and WWWW.
2. 5G will enable software-defined radio, packet layers, flexibility in encryption.
Chronological evolution of mobile technologies
Although the 1G system (NMT) was introduced in 1981, 2G (GSM) started to come out in 1982, and 3G (W-CDMA)/ FOMA first appeared in 2001, the complete development of these standards (e.g., IMT-2000 and UMTS) took almost 10 years. It is still unclear how much time it will take to launch the standards for 5G.
5G technology will ensure the intersection of networks, technologies, applications and services, and can serve as a flexible platform. Wireless carriers will have an opportunity to shorten their return-on-investment periods, improve operating efficiency and increase revenues. In short, this will change people’s lives in numerous ways.

NIKHIL AGGARWAL
MSCLIS
IIIT Allahabad